Substance Abuse

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), a substance use disorder (SUD) involves patterns of symptoms caused by using a substance that an individual continues taking despite its negative effects. Based on decades of research, DSM-5 identifies 11 criteria that can arise from substance misuse. These criteria fall under four basic categories — impaired control, physical dependence, social problems, and risky use:

1. Using more of a substance than intended or using it for longer than you’re meant to.
2. Trying to cut down or stop using the substance but being unable to.
3. Experiencing intense cravings or urges to use the substance.
4. Needing more of the substance to get the desired effect — also called tolerance.
5. Developing withdrawal symptoms when not using the substance.
6. Spending more time getting and using drugs and recovering from substance use.
7. Neglecting responsibilities at home, work or school because of substance use.
8. Continuing to use even when it causes relationship problems.
9. Giving up important or desirable social and recreational activities due to substance use.
10. Using substances in risky settings that put you in danger.
11. Continuing to use despite the substance causing problems to your physical and mental health.

3 Levels of Severity
3 Levels of Severity

SUD is progressive, chronic, and eventually fatal if not treated. Like other illnesses, substance misuse worsens over time.

• • 1 symptom could indicate an individual is at risk.
  • 2-3 criteria point to a mild substance use disorder.
  • 4-5 criteria indicate moderate substance use disorder.
  • 6+ criteria indicate a severe substance use disorder, which signals an addiction to that substance.